Основными определителями Прошедшего Простого (Past Simple) являются:
1. действие произошло в прошлом 🙂
2. действие завершилось в прошлом
3. мы знаем, когда именно действие произошло.
Это 3 категории, определяющие просто прошедшее время.
Формирование прошедшего времени
В первую очередь, рассмотрим случаи, когда основным глаголом в предложении является глагол БЫТЬ:
Я был – I was
Ты был – You were
Он был – He was
Она была – She was
Оно было – It was
Мы были – We were
Вы были – You were
Они были – They were
Теперь рассмотрим разные типы предложений:
|
Positive |
Negative |
Question |
Short Answer |
| I was there | I was not (wasn’t) there | Was I there? | Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t |
| You were there. | You were not (weren’t) there | Were you there? | Yes, you were.
No, you weren’t |
| He was there | He was not (wasn’t) there | Was he here? | Yes, he was.
No, he wasn’t |
| She was there | She was not (wasn’t) there | Was she there? | Yes, she was.
No, she wasn’t |
| It was there | It was not (wasn’t) there | Was it there? | Yes, it was
No, it wasn’t |
| We were there | We were not (weren’t) there | Were we there? | Yes, we were
No, we weren’t |
| You were there | You were not (weren’t) there | Were you there? | Yes. You were
No, you weren’t |
| They were there | They were not (weren’t) there | Were they there? | Yes, they were.
No, they weren’t. |
Именно таким образом используется глагол ВЕ в прошедшем времени. И здесь нам, русскоговорящим людям, проще, так как в русском мы тоже используем этот глагол в прошедшем:
Я был в Москве.
Он был на встрече.
Теперь рассмотрим использование всех остальных глаголов в прошедшем времени.
В первую очередь, необходимо помнить о том, что в английском языке есть два типа глаголов: правильные и не правильные.
Правильные глаголы – это те глаголы, которые в прошедшем времени присоединяют окончание ED:
admit – admitted
work-worked
accept – accepted
Неправильные глаголы – это те глаголы, которые в прошедшей форме полностью меняют свою форму:
go – went
bring – brought
Неправильные глаголы вынесены в таблицу вот здесь Их необходимо выучить и знать. Зная неправильные глаголы, мы, во-первых, можем с легкостью ориентироваться какой глагол является правильным, а какой глагол неправильным (по признаку его наличия или отсутствия в таблице); и, во-вторых, мы без затруднений сможем говорить в любом времени на английском языке, не задумываясь о том, какую форму использовать.
А теперь давайте посмотрим на то, как формируются разные типы предложений. Я привожу таблицу на примере двух предложений – одно предложение с правильным глаголом, второе – с неправильным.
|
Positive |
Negative |
Question |
Short Answers |
| I worked in the company
I went to the cinema. |
I did not work in the company
I did not go to the cinema |
Did I work in the company?
Did I go to the cinema? |
Yes, I did. No,I didn’t. |
| You worked in the company
You went to the cinema |
You did not work in the company
You did not go to the cinema |
Did you work in the company?
Did you go to the cinema? |
Yes, you did. No, you didn’t. |
| He worked in the company
He went to the cinema |
He did not work in the company
He did not go to the cinema |
Did he work in the company?
Did he go to the cinema? |
Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. |
| She worked in the company
She went to the cinema |
She did not work in the company
She did not go to the cinema |
Did she work in the company?
Did she go to the cinema? |
Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. |
| It worked in the company
It went to the cinema |
It did not work in the company
It did not go to the cinema |
Did it work in the company?
Did it go to the cinema? |
Yes, it did. No, it didn’t. |
| We worked in the company
We went to the cinema |
We did not work in the company
We did not go to the cinema |
Did we work in the company?
Did we go to the cinema? |
Yes, we did. No, we didn’t. |
| You worked in the company
You went to the cinema |
You did not work in the company
You did not go to the cinema |
Did you work in the company?
Did you go to the cinema? |
Yes, you did. No, you didn’t. |
| They worked in the company
They went to the cinema |
They did not work in the company
They did not go to the cinema |
Did they work in the company?
Did they go to the cinema? |
Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. |
Обращаем внимание на:
- в утвердительной форме глагол не меняется по лицам (я, ты, он, она…)
- при использовании вспомогательного глагола did/didn’t второй глагол ВСЕГДА в начальной форме
Если у вас все еще есть вопросы по использованию прошедшего времени, пишите их в комментарих, и я с удовольствием отвечу на них 🙂